52 Weeks of Inspiring Illustrations, Week 15: “A new hieroglyphical Bible, for the amusement & instruction of children” (1794)

speccoll
Monday 1 October 2012
Title page and frontispiece of the 1794 Hieroglyphical Bible.
Spine label of the 1794 Hieroglyphical Bible.

Hieroglyphic Bibles became en vogue in late 18th century England as a means for teaching Bible stories to a new audience: children from poor and working-class families. They came on the heels of the changes being made to the education of children in Industrial Revolution England and on the need to improve quality of life and crime rates amongst factory and farm worker’s children. Robert Raikes, a Gloucester philanthropist and editor of the Gloucester Journal, saw the opportunity of opening a school on Sunday (the only day on which the Industrial Revolution’s children would not be working) and began teaching children how to read and write using the Bible. The Sunday School movement became very popular and by the 19th century hundreds of thousands of children across England were receiving education never before available to them.

Selections from Genesis III and VI from the 1794 Hieroglyphical Bible.

The first hieroglyphic Bible printed in England was Thomas Hodgson’s 1780 edition, of which no copy survives (only a record of which is held at the British Library) and this was followed by Hodgson’s 1783 edition, of which only one copy survives, but it was reprinted at least ten times over the span of eight years in London and Dublin: this new pedagogical tool was very popular indeed.

An engraving from p. 142 of the 1794 Hieroglyphical Bible gives us an idea of how this book was used and what kind of lessons were being conducted.

This week’s illustration post, however, is on A new hieroglyphical Bible, for the amusement & instruction of children printed in London by George Thompson in 1794. This was the first competition to Hodgson’s most popular edition, and it was printed at least three times in 1794.

Selections from Exodus VII and XIV from the 1794 Hieroglyphical Bible.
Selections from Nehemiah III and Esther VI from the 1794 Hieroglyphical Bible.

St Andrews purchased this copy in 2008 as a touchstone for the beginnings of the Children’s Book Collection. This collection is slowly growing and features many titles from the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries. Our copy is bound in near contemporary decorated papers and the frontispiece and engravings in Genesis and Exodus have been coloured in.

Selections from Lamentations II and Ezekiel I from the 1794 Hieroglyphical Bible.
Selections from Jude and Revelations XIII from the 1794 Hieroglyphical Bible.

Each hieroglyphic passage features at least four or five engravings, with a key at the foot of each page. These woodcuts, although crude in some places, draw a reader in and make reading a fun puzzle to work out. At the end of the text is a series of questions (pictured above) and a selection of saints which are reminiscent of the trading cards that I collected growing up.

Saint Simon and Saint Jude from the 1794 Hieroglyphical Bible.

Holding this small little Bible makes it quite clear how useful a tool this was in teaching reading and writing to the Industrial Revolution’s youth. These engravings inspired a new generation to learn how to read and write and communicate, a new generation which would see the reform of England’s educational systems.

DG

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4 thoughts on "52 Weeks of Inspiring Illustrations, Week 15: “A new hieroglyphical Bible, for the amusement & instruction of children” (1794)"

  • De drôles de machines et des formats «ciné-graphiques» ou comment le stéréoscope a éduqué Brooke Shields | Tombolo
    Thursday 1 August 2013, 9.51pm

    […] l’article disponible sur le blog des Collections Spéciales de l’université de Saint Andrews […]

    Reply
  • Prepper 52 Weeks Bible Reading | Extreme Survival Guide
    Wednesday 21 January 2015, 9.09pm

    […] 52 Weeks of Inspiring Illustrations, Week 15: “A New … – Oct 01, 2012 · 52 Weeks of Inspiring Illustrations, Week 15: “A new hieroglyphical Bible, for the amusement & instruction of children” (1794)… […]

    Reply
  • Wendy Seager
    Wendy Seager
    Wednesday 31 March 2021, 9.21pm

    I can hardly believe this myself, But I have a copy of the 1783 version of this book. It is in reasonable condition, only some kid has doodled on the blanc front and back pages, the spine is damaged and there are some rings on the front from I guess cups being put on it, apart from that the pages are as good as new. I believe this is then the second known copy of this book...

    Reply
    • Special Collections
      Special Collections
      Monday 5 April 2021, 12.31pm

      Hi Wendy, it's great that you have a copy of the 1783 edition. According to the English Short Title Catalogue there are two libraries which (now) have a copy - the British Library and the Victoria and Albert Museum National Art Library. So this would make your copy the third known copy.

      Reply

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